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	<title>Self Study Reference Center</title>
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	<link>http://ref.g2soft.net</link>
	<description>Help yourself to find what you want to learn in this self study reference center.</description>
	<pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2008 23:08:56 +0000</pubDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.5.1</generator>
	<language>en</language>
			<item>
		<title>Upgrade to WordPress 2.5</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/misc/upgrade-to-wordpress-25.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/misc/upgrade-to-wordpress-25.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Mar 2008 23:08:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Misc]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dreamhost]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Free Theme]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[one-click]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[plugin]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[site]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[upgrade]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[WordPress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/?p=100</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This site is upgraded to WordPress 2.5 without any problems.
I spend 2 minutes to upgrade WP through Dreamhost One-Click install and then update simple tag plugin.
The theme I use here is still compatible with WordPress 2.5.

	Related posts
	
	Which type of website is best for you? (0)
	SnowMountain theme v0.1 release (3)
	Site Control Panels (0)
	Dreamhost’s One-Click (1)
	CherryBlossom theme [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This site is upgraded to WordPress 2.5 without any problems.</p>
<p>I spend 2 minutes to upgrade WP through <a title="Dreamhost " href="http://seo.g2soft.net/go/dreamhost.html" target="_blank">Dreamhost</a> One-Click install and then update simple tag plugin.</p>
<p>The <a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html" target="_blank">theme</a> I use here is still compatible with WordPress 2.5.</p>

	<h4>Related posts</h4>
	<ul class="st-related-posts">
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/tutorials/which-type-of-website-is-best-for-you.html" title="Which type of website is best for you? (April 12, 2006)">Which type of website is best for you?</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html" title="SnowMountain theme v0.1 release (November 20, 2007)">SnowMountain theme v0.1 release</a> (3)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/tutorials/site-control-panels.html" title="Site Control Panels (April 19, 2006)">Site Control Panels</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/dreamhost%e2%80%99s-one-click.html" title="Dreamhost’s One-Click (February 6, 2008)">Dreamhost’s One-Click</a> (1)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/cherryblossom-theme-v01-release.html" title="CherryBlossom theme v0.1 release (December 29, 2007)">CherryBlossom theme v0.1 release</a> (1)</li>
</ul>

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		<item>
		<title>Dreamhost’s One-Click</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/dreamhost%e2%80%99s-one-click.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/dreamhost%e2%80%99s-one-click.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Feb 2008 18:43:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[WebHosting]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[dreamhost]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/dreamhost%e2%80%99s-one-click.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Just upgrade this Blog through the Dreamhost panel.
It is very simply by using Dreamhost’s One-Click installation to upgrade.
Use Saving code G2SAVING when sign up Dreamhost, you can save $50 and get 1 extra FREE lifetime domain registration.

	Related posts
	
	Upgrade to WordPress 2.5 (0)


]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just upgrade this Blog through the Dreamhost panel.</p>
<p>It is very simply by using Dreamhost’s One-Click installation to upgrade.</p>
<p>Use Saving code <strong>G2SAVING</strong> when sign up <a href="http://www.yinfor.com/go/dreamhost.html">Dreamhost</a>, you can save $50 and get 1 extra FREE lifetime domain registration.</p>

	<h4>Related posts</h4>
	<ul class="st-related-posts">
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/misc/upgrade-to-wordpress-25.html" title="Upgrade to WordPress 2.5 (March 31, 2008)">Upgrade to WordPress 2.5</a> (0)</li>
</ul>

]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>CherryBlossom theme v0.1 release</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/cherryblossom-theme-v01-release.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/cherryblossom-theme-v01-release.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Dec 2007 05:48:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[WordPress]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cherryblossom]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[free]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Free Theme]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[plug-in]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/cherryblossom-theme-v01-release.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I said I would make the free spring theme of WordPress, Cherry Blossom.
Even a little bit later, late release is better than no release.
The CherryBlossom theme needs some plugins. Shown as below:
Platform: WordPress v2.3.1
Plugins:
Akismet 2.1.3
All in One SEO Pack 1.4.3.9
Google XML Sitemaps 3.0.2.1
Simple Tags 1.2.4
Recent Posts  2.3.6

Package Download here:
cherryblossom v0.1
Cost
This theme is free to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I said I would make the <a href="http://seo.g2soft.net/2007/12/07/wordpress_cherry_blossom_theme.html">free spring theme</a> of WordPress, Cherry Blossom.</p>
<p>Even a little bit later, late release is better than no release.</p>
<p>The CherryBlossom theme needs some plugins. Shown as below:</p>
<p>Platform: WordPress v2.3.1</p>
<p>Plugins:</p>
<p><a href="http://akismet.com/">Akismet</a> 2.1.3</p>
<p><a href="http://wp.uberdose.com/2007/03/24/all-in-one-seo-pack/">All in One SEO Pack </a>1.4.3.9</p>
<p><a href="http://www.arnebrachhold.de/redir/sitemap-home/">Google XML Sitemaps</a> 3.0.2.1</p>
<p><a href="http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/simple-tags">Simple Tags</a> 1.2.4</p>
<p><a href="http://rmarsh.com/plugins/recent-posts/">Recent Posts</a>  2.3.6</p>
<p><img src="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/screenshot.jpg" alt="cherryblossom screenshot" /></p>
<p>Package Download here:</p>
<p><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/cherryblossom.zip" title="cherryblossom v0.1">cherryblossom v0.1</a></p>
<h4>Cost</h4>
<p>This theme is free to use, but I appreciate if you could <a href="http://ref.g2soft.net//">link back to me</a>. Feel free to modify the theme any way you want, and let me know, if you use it on your blog. This theme is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</p>
<p>The plugins needed are packed into the downloadable file above.</p>
<p>After you download the theme, you’ll need to extract it to your <em>/wp-content/themes/</em> directory and activate the theme from within your presentation panel.</p>
<p>And copy the folders of /plugin/ in your /wp-content/plugins/.  Active these plugins and config them as the following screenshot.</p>
<p><span id="more-94"></span>All in one SEO plugin</p>
<p><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/all_in_one_seo_plugin.jpg" title="All in one SEO plugin"><img src="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/all_in_one_seo_plugin.thumbnail.jpg" alt="All in one SEO plugin" /></a></p>
<p>Recent Post plugin</p>
<p><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/recent_post_plugin.jpg" title="recent post plugin"><img src="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/recent_post_plugin.thumbnail.jpg" alt="recent post plugin" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/all_in_one_seo_plugin.jpg" title="All in one SEO plugin"></a></p>

	<h4>Related posts</h4>
	<ul class="st-related-posts">
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/misc/upgrade-to-wordpress-25.html" title="Upgrade to WordPress 2.5 (March 31, 2008)">Upgrade to WordPress 2.5</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html" title="SnowMountain theme v0.1 release (November 20, 2007)">SnowMountain theme v0.1 release</a> (3)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/features/resources.html" title="resources (March 30, 2006)">resources</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/host_glossary/p.html" title="P (April 11, 2006)">P</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/features/do-you-see-any-free-web-hosting.html" title="Do you see any Free Web Hosting (September 11, 2006)">Do you see any Free Web Hosting</a> (0)</li>
</ul>

]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>htaccess file</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/htaccess-file.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/htaccess-file.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Dec 2007 22:16:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[apache]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[htaccess]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[wiki]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/htaccess-file.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[.htaccess file is very important in the Apache server.
The real name of this file is Apache&#8217;s directory-level configuration file .
There are three major usages of .htaccess.

Authorization, authentication: .htaccess files are often used to specify the security restrictions for the particular directory, hence the filename &#8220;access&#8221;. The .htaccess file is often accompanied by an .htpasswd file [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>.htaccess file is very important in the Apache server.</p>
<p>The real name of this file is <strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache&#8217;s</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_%28file_systems%29" title="Directory (file systems)">directory</a>-level <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_file" title="Configuration file">configuration file</a> .</strong></p>
<p>There are three major usages of .htaccess.</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorization" title="Authorization">Authorization</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authentication</a>: .htaccess files are often used to specify the security restrictions for the particular directory, hence the filename &#8220;access&#8221;. The .htaccess file is often accompanied by an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=.htpasswd&amp;action=edit" class="new" title=".htpasswd">.htpasswd</a> file which stores valid <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Username" title="Username">usernames</a> and their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password" title="Password">passwords</a>.</li>
<li>Customized error responses: Changing the page that is shown when a server-side error occurs, for example <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_404" title="HTTP 404">HTTP 404 Not Found</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewrite_engine" title="Rewrite engine">Rewriting URLs</a>: Various server-side <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> scripts use .htaccess to rewrite &#8220;ugly&#8221; URLs to shorter and prettier ones.</li>
</ol>
<p>The authorization can restrict the right of access to different directory or by different user right.</p>
<p>Customized error page is also very important for the site which want to provide better user experience.</p>
<p>Rewriting URLs, is used so popularly on all kind of PHP drived programs, such as WordPress.</p>
<p>More detailed usage of .htaccess, please go to <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/howto/htaccess.html">Apache Tutorial</a>, and <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/Htaccess">Httpd wiki</a>.</p>

	<h4>Related posts</h4>
	<ul class="st-related-posts">
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/let-php-engine-handle-html-as-php.html" title="Let php engine handle html as php (December 16, 2007)">Let php engine handle html as php</a> (0)</li>
</ul>

]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Let php engine handle html as php</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/let-php-engine-handle-html-as-php.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/let-php-engine-handle-html-as-php.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Dec 2007 01:48:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[htaccess]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[PHP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[seo]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/let-php-engine-handle-html-as-php.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I have a site full of the html file. Later I added some php code into these html files. I don&#8217;t want to change the URL from .html to .php. It is not SEO friendly.
So, I would like php engine can handle html same as php.
Edit .htaccess file in the root.
RemoveHandler .html .htm
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have a site full of the html file. Later I added some php code into these html files. I don&#8217;t want to change the URL from .html to .php. It is not SEO friendly.</p>
<p>So, I would like php engine can handle html same as php.</p>
<p>Edit .htaccess file in the root.</p>
<blockquote><p>RemoveHandler .html .htm<br />
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .htm .html</p></blockquote>
<p>That&#8217;s all.</p>

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	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strpos.html" title="strpos() (May 26, 2007)">strpos()</a> (1)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strlen.html" title="strlen() (May 25, 2007)">strlen()</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strings-in-php.html" title="Strings in PHP (May 25, 2007)">Strings in PHP</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/hosting/tutorials/seo-optimize-your-web-pages.html" title="SEO: Optimize Your Web Pages (April 21, 2006)">SEO: Optimize Your Web Pages</a> (0)</li>
</ul>

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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>JavaScript Classes Comparison</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/js/javascript-classes-comparison.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/js/javascript-classes-comparison.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 11 Dec 2007 19:45:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[JavaScript]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[framework]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[function]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[program]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/js/javascript-classes-comparison.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are more and more JavaScript Classes in front of programers. To choose one of the suitable is very important.
Let me list some of them here: jQuery, Ext, MooTools, Prototype, YUI.
Remy Sharp has gone through the jQuery and Prototype frameworks, which are probably the two closest to each other, and has done a side by [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are more and more JavaScript Classes in front of programers. To choose one of the suitable is very important.</p>
<p>Let me list some of them here: <a href="http://jquery.com/">jQuery</a>, <a href="http://extjs.com/">Ext</a>, <a href="http://mootools.net/">MooTools</a>, <a href="http://www.prototypejs.org/">Prototype</a>, <a href="http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/">YUI</a>.</p>
<blockquote><p>Remy Sharp has gone through the jQuery and Prototype frameworks, which are probably the two closest to each other, and has done a side by side comparison of the frameworks by showing you how similar things work on both.</p>
<p>The presentation looks into the utility functions, selectors, DOM manipulation, DOM walking, events, Ajax transport, and browser detection.</p></blockquote>
<p>There is also other posts tell something about:<br />
<a href="http://coderseye.com/2007/mootools-beats-jquery-and-ext-for-air.html"><strong> Mootools beats jQuery and Ext for AIR</strong></a><br />
<strong><a href="http://blogs.pathf.com/agileajax/2007/08/jquery-vs-proto.html">jQuery vs. Prototype: OO JavaScript with or without training wheels</a></strong><br />
<strong><a href="http://www.javascriptkata.com/2007/05/29/3-reasons-why-i-use-jquery/">3 reasons why I use jQuery</a></strong></p>

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	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/js/where-to-put-javascript.html" title="Where to put Javascript (March 7, 2007)">Where to put Javascript</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/js/what-is-javascript.html" title="What is Javascript (March 5, 2007)">What is Javascript</a> (0)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strpos.html" title="strpos() (May 26, 2007)">strpos()</a> (1)</li>
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strlen.html" title="strlen() (May 25, 2007)">strlen()</a> (0)</li>
</ul>

]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Common SSH Commands - Linux Shell Commands</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/common-ssh-commands-linux-shell-commands.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/common-ssh-commands-linux-shell-commands.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 Nov 2007 20:19:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[command]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ssh]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/linux/common-ssh-commands-linux-shell-commands.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;ve put together some of the more frequently used SSH commands or linux shell commands, and organized them by name so you can easily find a command, their description and how to use it. This guide will continue to be updated and should not be considered a complete list of SSH commands or linux shell [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We&#8217;ve put together some of the more frequently used SSH commands or linux shell commands, and organized them by name so you can easily find a command, their description and how to use it. This guide will continue to be updated and should not be considered a complete list of SSH commands or linux shell commands, but commands, we found, often used. If you would like to add to this guide, please email us and let us know.</p>
<p><strong>Common SSH Commands or Linux Shell Commands,</strong><br />
<strong>ls </strong>: list files/directories in a directory, comparable to dir in windows/dos.<br />
<em>ls -al</em> : shows all files (including ones that start with a period), directories, and details attributes for each file.</p>
<p><strong>cd </strong>: change directory · · cd /usr/local/apache : go to /usr/local/apache/ directory<br />
<em>cd ~ </em>: go to your home directory<br />
<em>cd -</em> : go to the last directory you were in<br />
<em>cd .. </em>: go up a directory cat : print file contents to the screen</p>
<p><em>cat filename.txt </em>: cat the contents of filename.txt to your screen</p>
<p><strong>chmod:</strong> changes file access permissions<br />
The set of 3 go in this order from left to right:<br />
USER - GROUP - EVERONE</p>
<p>0 = &#8212;  No permission<br />
1 = &#8211;X  Execute only<br />
2 = -W-  Write only<br />
3 = -WX  Write and execute<br />
4 = R&#8211;  Read only<br />
5 = R-X  Read and execute<br />
6 = RW-  Read and write<br />
7 = RWX  Read, write and execute</p>
<p>Usage:<br />
chmod numberpermissions filename</p>
<p><span class="green">chmod 000</span> : No one can access<br />
<span class="green">chmod 644</span>: Usually for HTML pages<br />
<span class="green">chmod 755</span>: Usually for CGI scripts</p>
<p><span id="more-90"></span> <strong>chown</strong>: changes file ownership permissions<br />
The set of 2 go in this order from left to right:<br />
USER - GROUP</p>
<p><span class="green">chown root myfile.txt</span> : Changes the owner of the file to root<br />
<span class="green">chown root.root myfile.txt</span> : Changes the owner and group of the file to root</p>
<p><strong>tail</strong> : like cat, but only reads the end of the file<br />
<em>tail /var/log/messages </em>: see the last 20 (by default) lines of /var/log/messages<br />
<em>tail -f /var/log/messages </em>: watch the file continuously, while it&#8217;s being updated<br />
<em>tail -200 /var/log/messages </em>: print the last 200 lines of the file to the screen</p>
<p><strong>more</strong><em> </em>: like cat, but opens the file one screen at a time rather than all at once<br />
<em>more /etc/userdomains </em>: browse through the userdomains file. hit <em>Space</em>to go to the next page, <em>q</em> to quit</p>
<p><strong>pico</strong> : friendly, easy to use file editor<br />
<em>pico /home/burst/public_html/index.html </em>: edit the index page for the user&#8217;s website.</p>
<p><strong>File Editing with VI ssh commands</strong><br />
<strong>vi</strong> : another editor, tons of features, harder to use at first than pico<br />
<em>vi /home/burst/public_html/index.html </em>: edit the index page for the user&#8217;s website.<br />
Whie in the vi program you can use the following useful commands, you will need to hit SHIFT + : to go into command mode</p>
<p><span class="green">:q! </span>: This force quits the file without saving and exits vi<br />
<span class="green">:w</span> : This writes the file to disk, saves it<br />
<span class="green">:wq</span> : This saves the file to disk and exists vi<br />
<span class="green">:LINENUMBER</span> : EG :25 : Takes you to line 25 within the file<br />
<span class="green">:$ </span>: Takes you to the last line of the file<br />
<span class="green">:0</span> : Takes you to the first line of the file</p>
<p><strong>grep</strong> : looks for patterns in files<br />
<em>grep root /etc/passwd </em>: shows all matches of root in /etc/passwd<br />
<em>grep -v root /etc/passwd </em>: shows all lines that do not match root</p>
<p><strong>ln</strong> : create&#8217;s &#8220;links&#8221; between files and directories<br />
<em>ln -s /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf </em>: Now you can edit /etc/httpd.conf rather than the original. changes will affect the orginal, however you can delete the link and it will not delete the original.</p>
<p><strong>last</strong> : shows who logged in and when<br />
<em>last -20 </em>: shows only the last 20 logins<br />
<em>last -20 -a </em>: shows last 20 logins, with the hostname in the last field</p>
<p><strong>w</strong> : shows who is currently logged in and where they are logged in from.<br />
<span class="green">who</span> : This also shows who is on the server in an shell.</p>
<p><strong>netstat</strong> : shows all current network connections.<br />
<em>netstat -an </em>: shows all connections to the server, the source and destination ips and ports.<br />
<em>netstat -rn </em>: shows routing table for all ips bound to the server.</p>
<p><strong>top</strong> : shows live system processes in a nice table, memory information, uptime and other useful info. This is excellent for managing your system processes, resources and ensure everything is working fine and your server isn&#8217;t bogged down.<br />
<em>top</em> then type <em>Shift + M</em> to sort by memory usage or <em>Shift + P </em>to sort by CPU usage</p>
<p><strong>ps: </strong>ps is short for process status, which is similar to the <em>top</em> command. It&#8217;s used to show currently running processes and their PID.<br />
A process ID is a unique number that identifies a process, with that you can kill or terminate a running program on your server (see kill command).<br />
<em>ps U username</em> <em>:</em> shows processes for a certain user<br />
<em>ps aux</em> : shows all system processes<br />
<em>ps aux &#8211;forest</em> : shows all system processes like the above but organizes in a hierarchy that&#8217;s very useful!</p>
<p><strong>touch</strong> : create an empty file<br />
<em>touch /home/burst/public_html/404.html </em>: create an empty file called 404.html in the directory /home/burst/public_html/</p>
<p><strong>file </strong>: attempts to guess what type of file a file is by looking at it&#8217;s content.<br />
<em>file * </em>: prints out a list of all files/directories in a directory</p>
<p><strong>du </strong>: shows disk usage.<br />
<em>du -sh </em>: shows a summary, in human-readble form, of total disk space used in the current directory, including subdirectories.<br />
<em>du -sh * </em>: same thing, but for each file and directory. helpful when finding large files taking up space.</p>
<p><strong>wc : </strong>word count<br />
<em>wc -l filename.txt </em>: tells how many lines are in filename.txt</p>
<p><strong>cp </strong>: copy a file<br />
<em>cp filename filename.backup </em>: copies filename to filename.backup<br />
<em>cp -a /home/burst/new_design/* /home/burst/public_html/ </em>: copies all files, retaining permissions form one directory to another.<br />
<span class="green">cp -av * ../newdir</span> : Copies all files and directories recurrsively in the current directory INTO newdir</p>
<p><strong>mv</strong> : Move a file command<br />
<span class="green">mv oldfilename newfilename </span>: Move a file or directory from oldfilename to newfilename</p>
<p><strong>rm </strong>: delete a file<br />
<em>rm filename.txt </em>: deletes filename.txt, will more than likely ask if you really want to delete it<br />
<em>rm -f filename.txt </em>: deletes filename.txt, will not ask for confirmation before deleting.<br />
<em>rm -rf tmp/</em> : recursively deletes the directory tmp, and all files in it, including subdirectories. BE VERY CAREFULL WITH THIS COMMAND!!!<br />
<strong><br />
TAR</strong>: Creating and Extracting .tar.gz and .tar files<br />
<span class="green">tar -zxvf file.tar.gz</span> : Extracts the file<br />
<span class="green">tar -xvf file.tar</span> : Extracts the file<br />
<span class="green">tar -cf archive.tar contents/</span> : Takes everything from contents/ and puts it into archive.tar<br />
<span class="green">gzip -d filename.gz</span> : Decompress the file, extract it</p>
<p><strong>ZIP Files</strong>:  Extracting .zip files shell command<br />
<span class="green">unzip file.zip</span></p>
<p><strong>Firewall - iptables commands<br />
</strong><span class="green">iptables -I INPUT -s IPADDRESSHERE -j DROP</span> : This command stops any connections from the IP address<br />
<span class="green">iptables -L </span>: List all rules in iptables<br />
<span class="green">iptables -F</span> : Flushes all iptables rules (clears the firewall)<br />
<span class="green">iptables &#8211;save</span> : Saves the currenty ruleset in memory to disk<br />
<span class="green">service iptables restart</span> : Restarts iptables</p>
<p><strong>Apache Shell Commands</strong><br />
<span class="green">httpd -v</span> : Outputs the build date and version of the Apache server.<br />
<span class="green">httpd -l</span> : Lists compiled in Apache modules<br />
<span class="green">httpd status</span> : Only works if mod_status is enabled and shows a page of active connections<br />
<span class="green">service httpd restart</span> : Restarted Apache web server</p>
<p><strong>MySQL Shell Commands</strong><br />
<span class="green">mysqladmin processlist</span> : Shows active mysql connections and queries<br />
<span class="green">mysqladmin drop databasenamehere</span> : Drops/deletes the selected database<br />
<span class="green">mysqladmin create databasenamehere</span> : Creates a mysql database</p>
<p>Restore MySQL Database Shell Command<br />
<span class="green">mysql -u username -p password databasename &lt; databasefile.sql</span> : Restores a MySQL database from databasefile.sql</p>
<p>Backup MySQL Database Shell Command<br />
<span class="green">mysqldump -u username -p password databasename &gt; databasefile.sql </span>: Backup MySQL database to databasefile.sql</p>
<p><strong>kill: </strong>terminate a system process<br />
<em>kill -9 PID</em> EG: <em>kill -9 431<br />
kill PID </em>EG: <em>kill 10550</em><br />
Use <em>top</em> or <em>ps ux </em>to get system PIDs (Process IDs)</p>
<p>EG:</p>
<table border="0">
<tr>
<td>PID</td>
<td>TTY</td>
<td>TIME</td>
<td>COMMAND</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10550</td>
<td>pts/3</td>
<td>0:01</td>
<td>/bin/csh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10574</td>
<td>pts/4</td>
<td>0:02</td>
<td>/bin/csh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10590</td>
<td>pts/4</td>
<td>0:09</td>
<td>APP</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Each line represents one process, with a process being loosely defined as a running instance of a program. The column headed PID (process ID) shows the assigned process numbers of the processes. The heading COMMAND shows the location of the executed process.</p>
<p><strong>Putting commands together</strong><br />
Often you will find you need to use different commands on the same line. Here are some examples. Note that the | character is called a pipe, it takes date from one program and pipes it to another.<br />
<em>&gt;</em> means create a new file, overwriting any content already there.<br />
<em>&gt;&gt;</em> means tp append data to a file, creating a newone if it doesn not already exist.<br />
<em>&lt;</em> send input from a file back into a command.</p>
<p><em>grep User /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf |more<br />
</em>This will dump all lines that match User from the httpd.conf, then print the results to your screen one page at a time.</p>
<p><em>last -a &gt; /root/lastlogins.tmp</em><br />
This will print all the current login history to a file called lastlogins.tmp in /root/</p>
<p><em>tail -10000 /var/log/exim_mainlog |grep domain.com |more<br />
</em>This will grab the last 10,000 lines from /var/log/exim_mainlog, find all occurances of domain.com (the period represents &#8216;anything&#8217;,<br />
&#8211; comment it out with a so it will be interpretted literally), then send it to your screen page by page.</p>
<p><em>netstat -an |grep :80 |wc -l<br />
</em>Show how many active connections there are to apache (httpd runs on port 80)</p>
<p><em>mysqladmin processlist |wc -l<br />
</em>Show how many current open connections there are to mysql</p>
<p><a href="http://www.webhostgear.com/35_print.html" target="_blank">via </a></p>

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		<title>SnowMountain theme v0.1 release</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Nov 2007 19:27:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[WordPress]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Free Theme]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snowmountain]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is my first attempt at a free Wordpress theme, and I really enjoyed making this and hope to make some more themes which I can put up for downloading. If you like this theme and would like to drop me a line, you can do so by leaving a comment.
About SnowMountain
SnowMountain is a theme [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is my first attempt at a free Wordpress theme, and I really enjoyed making this and hope to make some more themes which I can put up for downloading. If you like this theme and would like to drop me a line, you can do so by leaving a comment.</p>
<h4>About SnowMountain</h4>
<p>SnowMountain is a theme true to my slogan; simple and lightweight.</p>
<p><img src="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/screenshot.jpg" alt="SnowMountain 0.01" /></p>
<h4>Download</h4>
<p id="download"><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/snowmountain-01.zip" title="SnowMountain thene v0.1">SnowMountain thene v0.1</a></p>
<p>After you download the theme, you’ll need to extract it to your <em>/wp-content/themes/</em> directory and activate the theme from within your presentation panel.</p>
<h4>Cost</h4>
<p>This theme is free to use, but I appreciate if you could <a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/">link back to me</a>. Feel free to modify the theme any way you want, and let me know, if you use it on your blog. This theme is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons License</a>.</p>

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</ul>

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		<title>New theme applied on SSR center</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/new-theme-applied-on-ssr-center.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/new-theme-applied-on-ssr-center.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Nov 2007 06:41:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[WordPress]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[snowmountain]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/misc/new-theme-applied-on-ssr-center.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This theme is designed specially for Self Study Reference Center by G2Soft.Net.
The name of theme is SnowMountain, version 0.01.


	Related posts
	
	SnowMountain theme v0.1 release (3)


]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This theme is designed specially for Self Study Reference Center by G2Soft.Net.</p>
<p>The name of theme is SnowMountain, version 0.01.</p>
<p><img src="http://ref.g2soft.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/screenshot.jpg" alt="SnowMountain 0.01" /></p>

	<h4>Related posts</h4>
	<ul class="st-related-posts">
	<li><a href="http://ref.g2soft.net/theme/wordpress/snowmountain-theme-v01-release.html" title="SnowMountain theme v0.1 release (November 20, 2007)">SnowMountain theme v0.1 release</a> (3)</li>
</ul>

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		<title>strpos()</title>
		<link>http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strpos.html</link>
		<comments>http://ref.g2soft.net/php/strpos.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 May 2007 07:58:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[PHP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[function]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ref.g2soft.net/?p=83</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Using the strpos() function
The strpos() function is used to search for a string or character within a string.
If a match is found in the string, this function will return the position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.
Let&#8217;s see if we can find the string &#8220;world&#8221; in our string:
&#60;?php
echo [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Using the strpos() function</p>
<p>The strpos() function is used to search for a string or character within a string.</p>
<p>If a match is found in the string, this function will return the position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s see if we can find the string &#8220;world&#8221; in our string:</p>
<p class="scode">&lt;?php<br />
echo strpos(&#8221;Hello world!&#8221;,&#8221;world&#8221;);<br />
?&gt;
</p>
<p>The output of the code above will be:</p>
<p class="scode"> 6</p>
<p>As you see the position of the string &#8220;world&#8221; in our string is position 6. The reason that it is 6, and not 7, is that the first position in the string is 0, and not 1.</p>

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